Research progress in targeting autophagy of traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds to regulate atherosclerosis / 中国中药杂志

Atherosclerosis(AS) is the common pathological basis of many ischemic cardiovascular diseases, and its formation process involves various aspects such as vascular endothelial injury and platelet activation. Vascular endothelial injury is the initiating factor of AS plaque. Monocytes are recruited to differentiate into macrophages at the damaged endothelial cells, which absorb oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) and slowly transform into foam cells. Smooth muscle cells(SMCs) proliferate and migrate continuously. As the only cell producing interstitial collagen fibers in the fibrous cap, SMCs largely determine whether the plaque ruptured or not. The amplifying inflammatory response during the formation of AS recruits platelets to adhere to the damaged area of vascular endothelium and stimulates excessive platelet aggregation. Autophagy activity is associated with vascular lesions and abnormal platelet activation, and excessive autophagy is considered to be a negative factor for plaque stability. Therefore, precise regulation of different types of vascular autophagy and platelet autophagy to treat AS may provide a new therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic ischemic cardiovascular disease. Currently, treatment strategies for AS still focus on lowering lipid levels with high-intensity statins, which often cause significant side effects. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective drugs and treatment modes is the focus of current research. Traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds have the potential to treat AS by targeted autophagy, and have been playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. This paper summarizes the experimental studies on different vascular cell types and platelet autophagy in AS, and sums up the published research results on targeted autophagy of traditional Chinese medicine and natural plant compounds to regulate AS, providing new ideas for further research.

Mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma on Treating Osteoporosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Preliminary Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma on the treatment of osteoporosis （OP） based on network pharmacology and molecular docking method and to verify the mechanism by experiments. MethodThe main active ingredients and corresponding targets of Polygonati Rhizoma were screened out from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） 2.3 by conditional searching. The treatment targets were obtained from the genes related to OP and DisGeNET 7.0. The potential target genes of Polygonati Rhizoma for treating OP were obtained by the crossing of the corresponding targets and the treatment targets. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct the “Polygonati Rhizoma-active ingredient-potential target” network. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） analysis was carried out by STRING 11.0， and the PPI network was constructed. Metascape 3.5 was used to conduct Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses of the key targets. The core ingredients and key targets of Polygonati Rhizoma were selected for molecular docking by AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. Finally， the effect of β-sitosterol on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in rats was observed. ResultTwelve active ingredients and 32 potential targets of Polygonati Rhizoma for OP treatment were screened out. Six active ingredients including baicalein and β-sitosterol and key targets including protein kinase 1 （Akt1）， tumor suppressor p53 （TP53）， vascular endothelial growth factorA （VEGFA）， proto-oncogene Jun （JUN）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and proto-oncogene c-Fos （FOS） were obtained by Cytoscape 3.7.1 topological analysis. A total of 995 GO entries and 181 signaling pathways involving the response to reactive oxygen species and regulations of growth were obtained from GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The results of molecular docking showed that the core active ingredients possessed good binding activities with the respective key targets. The results of cell experiments showed that β-sitosterol promoted the osteogenic differentiation at the concentration of 2.5 μmol·L-1 and 5 μmol·L-1. ConclusionPolygonati Rhizoma had the therapeutic effect on treating OP by regulating inflammation， oxidative stress， apoptosis， and metabolism. The β-sitosterol significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Baicalin Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through p38 MAPK/NLRP3 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanism of baicalin （BA） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury in rats. MethodEighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， low-dose BA （BA-L） group， medium-dose BA （BA-M） group， high-dose BA （BA-H） group， dexamethasone （DEX） group， SB203580 group， and BA + SB203580 group， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the BA-L， BA-M， and BA-H groups were injected intraperitoneally with different doses （10， 50， 100 mg·kg-1） of BA solution， the ones in the DEX group with 5 mg·kg-1 DEX solution， the ones in the SB203580 group with 0.5 mg·kg-1 SB203580 solution， the ones in the BA + SB203580 group with 100 mg·kg-1 BA solution and 0.5 mg·kg-1 SB203580， and those in both the control group and model group with the same volume of normal saline， once per day， for seven successive days. One hour after the last administration， rats in all groups except for the control group were given 5 mg·kg-1 LPS via intratracheal instillation for inducing the acute lung injury， whereas those in the control group received the same volume of normal saline solution. Twelve hours later， the lung tissues were sampled and stained with htoxylin-eosin （HE） for observing the pathological changes， followed by the counting of the total number of cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. The wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissue and the contents of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The activity of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was conducted to determine the relative expression of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） and Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK， thioredoxin interacting protein （TXNIP）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） in the lung tissue. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group displayed inflammatory pathological changes in lung tissue， elevated wet/dry weight ratio， total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF， and ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01）， decreased SOD activity （P<0.01）， and up-regulated IL-1， IL-18， IL-6， TNF-α， p-p38 MAPK， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， BA at different doses， SB203580， and BA + SB203580 all effectively alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue induced by LPS， reduce the lung wet/dry weight ratio， the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF， and ROS and MDA levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）， enhanced the activity of SOD （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of IL-1β， IL-18， IL-6，TNF-α， p-p38 MAPK， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in lung tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionBA has a protective effect against LPS-induced acute lung injury， which may be related to its inhibition of p38MAPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway and the improvement of inflammatory response.

Characteristics of amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 30 757 neonates who underwent the screening for inherited metabolic diseases and had negative results in Guangxi Neonatal Disease Screening Center from 2018 to 2020. Among these neonates, there were 28 611 normal full-term infants (control group) and 2 146 preterm infants (preterm birth group). According to gestational age, the preterm infants were further divided into four groups: very preterm (n=209), moderately preterm (n=307), and late preterm group (n=1 630). According to birth weight, they were divided into three groups: very low birth weight group (n=161), low birth weight group (n=1 085), and normal birth weight group (n=900). According to blood collection time, they were divided into three groups: 3-7 days group (n=1 664), 8-14 days group (n=314) and 15-28 days group (n=168). Tandem mass spectrometry was performed to measure the levels of 11 amino acids in dried blood spots, which were then compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#After adjustment for confounding factors, there were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different gestational age groups (P<0.05), and significant differences were observed in the levels of the 11 amino acids between the control group and the various preterm groups (except for citrulline and methionine in the late preterm group). There were significant differences in the levels of 11 amino acids among different birth weight groups (P<0.05). Except for ornithine, there were significant differences in the levels of other amino acids among the different blood collection time groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gestational age, birth weight and blood collection time all affect amino acid metabolism in preterm infants in Guangxi, China. This provides a basis for the laboratory to establish the reference standard and clinical interpretation of blood amino acid levels in preterm infants, and to improve the nutritional metabolism of preterm infants.

Effectiveness of Oral Hygiene Instruction on the Periodontal Health Among Adults: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT@#Oral health professionals frequently provide oral hygiene instruction (OHI) during dental visits, yet the evidence for its effectiveness is inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of various oral hygiene teaching approaches on periodontal health in adults. The study searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases for reports published between January 2000 and June 2020 in the English language. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by two authors. Overall, five reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of outcome measurements across studies did not allow for direct comparison. Verbal and brochures were among the methods used in the studies. OHI was found to have short-term (up to 13 weeks) effects on dental plaque levels and/or gingiva bleeding. No significant differences were noted among the different oral hygiene methods affecting periodontal health. There is evidence that OHI is effective in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding scores in adult individuals, but it is still unclear if the effect continues beyond 13 weeks. No single method can be highlighted as the best medium of instruction.

Carbenoxolone enhances inhibitory effect of RSL3 against cisplatin-resistant testicular cancer cells by promoting ferroptosis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of RSL3 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of cisplatinresistant testicular cancer cells (I-10/DDP) and the effect of carbenoxolone on the activity of RSL3 against testicular cancer.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to evaluate the survival rate of I-10/DDP cells following treatment with RSL3 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 μmol/L) alone or in combination with carbenoxolone (100 μmol/L) or after treatment with Fer-1 (2 μmol/L), RSL3 (4 μmol/L), RSL3+Fer-1, RSL3+carbenoxolone (100 μmol/L), or RSL3+Fer-1+carbenoxolone. Colony formation assay was used to assess the proliferation ability of the treated cells; wounding-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to assess the invasion and migration ability of the cells. The expression of GPX4 was detected using Western blotting, the levels of lipid ROS were detected using C11 BODIPY 581/591 fluorescent probe, and the levels of Fe2+ were determined with FerroOrange fluorescent probe.@*RESULTS@#RSL3 dose-dependently decreased the survival rate of I-10/DDP cells, and the combined treatment with 2, 4, or 8 μmol/L RSL3 with carbenoxolone, as compared with RSL3 treatment alone, resulted in significant reduction of the cell survival rate. The combination with carbenoxolone significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of RSL3 on colony formation, wound healing rate (P=0.005), invasion and migration of the cells (P < 0.001). Fer-1 obviously attenuated the inhibitory effects of RSL3 alone and its combination with carbenoxolone on I-10/DDP cells (P < 0.01). RSL3 treatment significantly decreased GPX4 expression (P=0.001) and increased lipid ROS level (P=0.001) and Fe2+ level in the cells, and these effects were further enhanced by the combined treatment with carbenoxolone (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Carbenoxolone enhances the inhibitory effect of RSL3 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of cisplatin-resistant testicular cancer cells by promoting RSL3-induced ferroptosis.

The role of ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in the skin injury of trichloroethylene sensitized mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the mechanism of reactive oxygen species/thioredoxin-interacting protein/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3) pathway in the skin injury of trichloroethylene (TCE) sensitized mice. Methods: In August 2020, 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group (n=5) , solvent control group (n=5) , TCE treatment group (n=15) and TCE+(2-(2, 2, 6, 6-Tetrameyhylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride (Mito TEMPO) treatment group (n=15) . The TCE sensitization model was established. Mice in the TCE treatment group and TCE+Mito TEMPO treatment group were divided into the sensitized positive group and the sensitized negative group according to the skin erythema and edema reactions on the back of the mice 24 h after the last stimulation. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after the last stimulation, the back skin of the mice was taken, and the skin lesions were observed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression level of NLRP3, and the Western Blot was performed to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) , cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1) , Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TXNIP proteins in the skin of the mice, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit was used to detect the level of intracellular ROS in the back skin tissue. Results: The sensitization rates of TCE treatment group and TCE+Mito TEMPO treatment group were 40.0% (6/15) and 33.3% (5/15) , respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) . The back skin of the mice in the TCE sensitized positive group was thickened and infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells. The number of mitochondria in the epidermis cells was significantly reduced, the mitochondrial crest disappeared and vacuolar degeneration occurred. TCE+Mito TEMPO sensitized positive group had less damage, more mitochondria and relatively normal cell structure. Compared with the solvent control group and corresponding sensitized negative groups, the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase 1, IL-1β, TXNIP proteins and the content of ROS in the TCE sensitized positive group and TCE+Mito TEMPO sensitized positive group were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Compared with TCE sensitized positive group, the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase 1, IL-1β, TXNIP proteins and the content of ROS in the TCE+Mito TEMPO sensitized positive group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway was activated and then encouraged the release of IL-1β, finally aggravated the TCE-induced skin injury.

Current status of research on short-term urogenital function after transanal total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Thanks to the new surgical approach, transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has a better operative field exposure than laparoscopic-assisted total mesorectal excision (laTME), especially for male patients with obesity, pelvic stenosis or prostate hypertrophy. Nevertheless, whether the urogenital function and quality of life after taTME are better as compared to laTME requires further study. According to the existing studies, taTME and laTME are not significantly different in symptoms of the urology system for male patients, but some large sample clinical studies show that the incidence of urethral mechanical injury after taTME is higher. Unfortunately, there is no elaboration on that for females. The sexual function of male patients after taTME and laTME is both impaired. The sexual function of male patients will be relieved to different degrees over time, but there is no significant difference. Compared with laTME, taTME shows advantages in the sexual function for female patients. There is no significant difference in short-term urogenital system function between taTME and laTME at present. As a new surgical approach, the impact on urogenital system function after taTME is acceptable. However, whether there is a significant difference in urogenital function between taTME and laTME needs further research. In addition, functional results still need comprehensive evaluation, and preoperative baseline evaluation also needs to be enhanced. The functional evaluation for male and female should be carried out separately rather than confused. Questionnaire for evaluation of functional results also needs to be verified.

Incidence and predictors of respiratory adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation with intramuscular ketamine in a paediatric emergency department

INTRODUCTION@#Although ketamine is one of the commonest medications used in procedural sedation of children, to our knowledge, there is currently no published report on predictors of respiratory adverse events during ketamine sedation in Asian children. We aimed to determine the incidence of and factors associated with respiratory adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation with intramuscular (IM) ketamine in a paediatric emergency department (ED) in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted of all children who underwent procedural sedation with IM ketamine in the paediatric ED between 1 April 2013 and 31 October 2017. Demographics and epidemiological data, including any adverse events and interventions, were extracted electronically from the prospective paediatric sedation database. The site of procedure was determined through reviewing medical records. Descriptive statistics were used for incidence and baseline characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors.@*RESULTS@#Among 5,476 children, 102 (1.9%) developed respiratory adverse events. None required intubation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Only one required bag-valve-mask ventilation. The incidence rate was higher in children aged less than three years, at 3.6% compared to 1.0% in older children (odds ratio [OR] 3.524, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.354-5.276; p < 0.001). Higher initial ketamine dose (adjusted OR 2.061, 95% CI 1.371-3.100; p = 0.001) and the type of procedure (adjusted OR 0.190 (95% CI 0.038-0.953; p = 0.044) were significant independent predictors.@*CONCLUSION@#The overall incidence of respiratory adverse events was 1.9%. Age, initial dose of IM ketamine and type of procedure were significant predictors.

Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Lesion of Gastric Cancer by Regulating Autophagy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system， and precancerous lesion of gastric cancer （PLGC） represents a long-term stage in the process of malignant development of normal gastric mucosa into gastric cancer. Gastric cancer and precancerous lesions are difficult to cure clinically， leaving poor prognosis and a serious negative impact on the quality of daily life of patients. In recent years， studies on cell autophagy have been at the forefront of the natural life science. Regulating autophagy to treat precancerous lesions and prevent gastric cancer has become nowadays a hot topic. Autophagy is a process in which cells enclose some redundant or damaged cytoplasm， proteins and organelles to form autophagosomes， and bind to lysosomes to degrade the contents. Autophagy has bidirectional effect on different cells and different stages of the same cell. Autophagy at a lower level can kill cancer cells， while autophagy can promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia， hunger and infection， or when autophagy clears damaged proteins in cells and organelle function is abnormal. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， which has low toxicity and easy acceptance by patients， has a positive effect on the treatment of gastric cancer and PLGC. At present， studies on the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer and PLGC by TCM have been carried out in depth with cell autophagy as the breakthrough point. More and more research results have confirmed that TCM can regulate the autophagy process of gastric cancer cells and play an anti-tumor role by interfering with various autophagy related genes， signal pathways and organelles. This paper summarizes the studies on the regulation of cell autophagy by TCM in the treatment of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions， so as to provide references for future studies on the regulation of autophagy by TCM.

Severe Pulmonary Embolism, Thrombosis of Lower Extremity, Unexpected Mild Renal Disorder in MPO-ANCA Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disease usually with severe multiple dysfunction syndrome, especially prominent acute renal failure. A 65-year-old woman was admitted with progressive dyspnoea for six months and fever, sputum with blood, pain of the lower extremities and intermittent claudication for two days, indicating multiple organ involvement (respiratory system, blood vessels). The renal involvement was relatively mild, presenting with microscopic haematuria. The chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple pulmonary embolisms. Ultrasound and computed tomography angiography for the lower extremity vessels showed venous and arterial thrombosis. Exclusion of other diseases that can cause multiple organ damage and thrombosis, the positive perinuclear ANCA and MPO-ANCA strongly support the diagnosis of MPO-ANAC-associated vasculitis. The patient's physical condition has been greatly improved by treatment with corticosteroids and anticoagulation.

Common mechanism of Citrus Grandis Exocarpium in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer / 中草药·英文版

Objective: “Same treatment for different diseases” is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine. Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Citrus Grandis Exocarpium (Huajuhong in Chinese, HJH), a famous herbal, is always applied by Chinese medicine practitioners to dispersion the lung to resolve phlegm based on “syndrome differentiation and treatment” theory. However, the common mechanism for HJH's treatment of COPD and lung cancer is not clear. Methods: In this study, based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, the common mechanism of HJH in the treatment of COPD and lung cancer was studied. The active ingredients and related targets of HJH were integrated from TCMSP, BATMAN-TAM, STP, and Pubchem databases. The standard names of these targets were united by UniProt database. Targets of COPD and lung cancer were enriched through GeneCards, NCBI (Gene), Therapeutic Target Database, and DisGeNET (v7.0) databases. Then the intersection targets of HJH and diseases were obtained. The STRING network and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct PPI network, the DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis. Then Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to build “ingredient-target-signal pathway” network. Finally, AutoDock 1.5.6 software was used to perform molecular docking of key proteins and molecules. Results: Eleven active ingredients in HJH were obtained by searching the database, corresponding to 184 HJH-COPD-lung cancer targets intersection. The results of biological network analysis showed that naringenin, the active component in HJH, could mainly act on target proteins such as AKT1, EGFR. Then through positive regulation of vasoconstriction and other biological processes, naringenin could regulate estrogen signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an important role in the treatment of both COPD and lung cancer. Conclusion: Network pharmacology was employed to systematically investigate the active ingredients and targets of HJH in treatment of COPD and lung cancer. And then, the common pharmacodynamic network of HJH for the two malignant respiratory diseases was firstly described. Furthermore, naringenin was proved to strongly bind with AKT1 and EGFR. It may provide the scientific basis for understanding the “Same treatment for different diseases” strategy in traditional Chinese medicine and inspirit subsequent drug discovery for COPD, lung cancer and other malignant lung diseases.

Interpretation of international expert consensus guidance on indications, implementation and quality measures for transanal total mesorectal excision / 中华胃肠外科杂志

In recent years, transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has been a hot spot in the field of colorectal surgery. Compared with the traditional laparoscopic technique, taTME has potential advantages in the treatment of rectal diseases. However, the procedural safety and effectiveness of taTME need further verification. In order to ensure the safe and standardized implementation of this procedure, the European Society of Coloproctology, together with 14 international academic organizations related to colorectal surgery and minimally invasive surgery, has developed the international expert consensus guidance on indications, implementation and quality measures for taTME. This paper introduces the background of the international consensus guidance, and interprets its core contents, including the surgical indications (complex pelvic conditions, malignant and benign rectal diseases), surgical quality and outcome evaluation, structured training, and expert center. It is expected to provide reference and guidance for Chinese colorectal surgery colleagues performing taTME.

Research progress of ion channels relating to cerebral ischemic diseases and prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Cerebral ischemia is a series of clinical symptoms and signs of cerebral ischemia, hypoxia and neuronal damage caused by cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion due to atherosclerosis or thrombosis, which seriously affects human health and quality of life. Cerebral ischemia involves the cascade reaction of the "neurovascular unit" system, and finally affects the normal physiological function of nerve cells and produces a series of pathological changes. And the changes in the structure and function of various ion channels in the cell membrane play an important role during this process. This article illustrates the changes in the ion channel associated with ce-rebral ischemic diseases, such as the potassium ion channels, sodium ion channels, calcium channels and other relevant channels, like AQP, TRPM2, TRPM7, TRPV4, ASICs, Cl~- channel, and explores the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases from the perspective of ion channels, in order to provide references for potential targets involving in drug development for the future prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases.

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Nosocomial Infection in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the risk factors and infection characteristics of nosocomial infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and analyze the relationship between different nutritional status and nosocomial infection, early treatment response.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 133 children with ALL treated with CCCG-ALL-2015 from June 2016 to June 2019 (chemotherapy stage, risk level, MRD), infection during hospitalization (course of infection, laboratory indicators, sites of infection, outcome) and nutritional status (sex, age, height/ length, weight) were enrolled. The Chi 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The rate of nosocomial infection was 19.9% in 133 children with ALL, in which 3 were infection-related death. Sex, immunophenotype and risk showed no significantly affect on the occurrence of nosocomial infection (P＞0.05), but neutrophil count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, chemotherapy stage, length of stay in hospital and nutritional status showed affect on the occurrence of nosocomial infection (P＜0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that chemotherapy stage, length of hospital stay, neutrophils and nutritional status were the independent risk factors, in which the respiratory tract infection was the most common. Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi accounted for 44.1%, 52.9% and 2.9% respectively. The negative rate of MRD in day 19 and day 46 between different nutritional status groups showed statistically significant (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Neutrophil count, chemotherapy stage, length of stay in hospital and nutritional status are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. Among of them, nutritional status negatively correlated with nosocomial infection, and the poorer nutritional status, the higher risk of nosocomial infection. Malnutrition, overweight and obesity can affect the early treatment response of ALL children. The level of nutrition at first diagnosis can be used as a bad factor to evaluate the early treatment response of ALL children.

Effects of adhesive and primer on the bonding strength of zirconia to resin cement / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to compare the effects of water storage treatment and thermal cycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of three self-adhesive dual-cure resin cements.@*METHODS@#Six cubic zirconia specimens with side length of 2 cm were obtained by cutting and sintering. Three self-adhering dual-cure resin cements (i.e., Clearfil SAC, RelyX U200, and Multilink Speed) were selected. According to their bonding modes, they were divided into three groups: direct bonding group (direct coating with resin cement), adhesive group (applying universal adhesives and then coating with resin cement), and primer group (applying Z-Prime Plus and then coating with resin cement). According to experimental conditions, each group was divided into two subgroups: subgroup a (water storage at 37 ℃ for 24 h) and subgroup b (thermalcycling for 5 000 times). SBS data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA by using SPSS 19.0 software (P0.05). After thermalcycling, the SBS of the three types of resin cements decreased (P<0.05); the SBS of the adhesive group was higher than that of the direct adhesive group and the primer group (P<0.05). Fracture mode analysis revealed that the type Ⅲ fracture mode evidently increased after the thermalcycling treatment compared with the water storage treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The universal adhesives and the primer can improve the SBS of self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement in water storage at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The universal adhesives had a better bonding durability than the zirconia primer.

Percutaneous screw fixation versus traditional plate fixation for treating pubic branch fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the pubic branch is a common type of anterior pelvic ring injury. Fixation of the pubic branch fracture can reduce the stress level of the posterior pelvic ring fixation system and reduce the separation of the pubic symphysis, which is beneficial to the stability of the pelvic ring. Both percutaneous screw fixation and traditional open reduction and internal fixation can be used to fix pubic branch fractures, but which method is better has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of percutaneous screw fixation with conventional open reduction and plate fixation for pubic branch fracture. METHODS: Sixty-five patients of pubic branch fracture undergoing the surgical treatment at the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. The patients were randomly divided into percutaneous screw fixation group (n=33) and open reduction and plate fixation group (n=32). The patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. The number of cases, sex, age, fracture classification, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score had no significant difference between two groups. The operation time, total blood loss, postoperative transfusion cases, incision length, postoperative discharge time and complications in both groups were recorded. Postoperative Matta score, Visual Analogue Scale score before and after surgery, and Majeed score during follow-up were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Thirty patients in both groups were followed up, which was 8-59 months in the percutaneous screw fixation group, and 8-57 months in the open reduction and plate fixation group. (2) The percutaneous screw fixation group had smaller incision, lower incision infection rate, less bleeding, and shorter postoperative hospitalization time (P 0.05). (4) The excellent and good rate of Matta score in the percutaneous screw fixation group was less than that in the open reduction and plate fixation group, and the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). (5) There was no significant difference in the Majeed score at postoperative 6 months between two groups (P > 0.05). (6) Our results indicate that percutaneous screw fixation can achieve the same good effect as traditional plate fixation, and has the advantages of less trauma and faster postoperative recovery compared with traditional plate fixation.

Associations between normal serum levels of uric acid and knee symptoms, joint structures in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the associations between normal serum uric acid (UA) levels and knee symptoms and structural changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods A total of 205 patients with knee OA were enrolled. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 patients with OA were included in the study. The general condition of patients were investingated. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was used to assess severity of the knee joint symptoms. The Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system was used to assess radiological severity of the knee joint. Osirix software was used to assess changes of knee structure in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Peroxidase method was used to measure the serum levels of uric acid. Patients with normal range of uric acid were included in the study.Results The patients with lower levels of UA (split at the median level, 263 μmol/L) had a higher proportion of women, lower height, weight and lower proportions of K-L grade≥2. After adjustment for sex, age and body mass index, serum UA was negatively associated with total WOMAC scores (β=-16.15, P=0.018), WOMAC pain (β=-3.15, P=0.037), and WOMAC stiffness (β=-1.65, P=0.025). However, there were no significant associations between serum UA levels and knee joint structure changes.Conclusions In OA patients with normal serum UA, serum UA is negatively associated with the severity of joint symptoms, suggesting that UA within normal range may play a protective role in OA symptoms.

Preventive effect and mechanism of puerarin on rat models of disuse osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the preventive effect and possible mechanism of puerarin(Pur) in rat model of disuse osteoporosis(DOP),thirty healthy Wistar female rats of 2 months old were randomly divided into control group(Control), hindlimb suspension group(HLS), and puerarin group(HLS+Pur) in hindlimb suspension, with 10 rats in each group. A disuse osteoporosis model was established by tail suspension method, and 15.4 mg·kg~(-1) puerarin suspension was administered to HLS+Pur group every day, and the same volume of distilled water was administered to Control group and HLS group respectively. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed by abdominal aorta blood collection, the main organs of the rats were removed, and the bone tissues of the rats were dissected. The organ index of the rats was calculated and the histopathology of the organs was observed under microscope. Bone mineral density test and bone biomechanical experiment were performed. Bone histomorphometry results were observed after bone tissue sectioning, and serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were determined. There was no significant difference in organ index between the groups. There was no obvious abnormality in the pathological examination of the organs. The results of bone mineral density showed that puerarin could significantly increase the bone density of the tibia and vertebrae caused by hindlimb suspension. The mechanical parameters experiments showed that puerarin could effectively increase the maximum load and elastic modulus of the tibia and vertebrae. Fluorescence labeling showed that the fluorosis interval increased and the bone formation increased during puerarin treatment. The VG staining results showed that compared with the HLS group, in the puerarin group, the number of trabecular bone increased, the thickness of the trabecular bone became thicker, and the bone separation became smaller, which greatly improved the bone microstructure after hindlinb suspension. In addition, serum biochemical indicators showed that puerarin could promote bone formation index bone calcium. The content of osteocalcin(OC) increased and inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 b(TRACP 5 b). Puerarin has a preventive effect in the rat model of disuse osteoporosis and its effect is good, and its mechanism may be related to promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.

Changes of apoE protein expression in lung of mice with hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the changes of apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein expression of pulmonary tissue in mice with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia.@*METHODS@#The animal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was established by exposing the mice to isobaric hypoxic chamber for 3 weeks (23 h/d, regular chow feed).Twenty male wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and twenty apoE gene knockout (apoE-KO) mice were randomly divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group. The plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol were detected by ELISA method. The protein expression of apoE in lung and liver, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in lung were measured by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#①In WT mice, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normoxia group by 68% and 59% (<0.05), respectively. The plasma concentration of HDL and HDL/LDL of hypoxia group were significantly lower than those of normoxia group by 17% and 40% (<0.05), respectively.The protein expression of apoE in lung and in liver of hypoxia group were significantly down-regulated than those of normoxia group by 48% and 52% (<0.05), respectively.The protein expression of PPARγ in lung was significantly down-regulated than that of normoxia group by 37%(<0.05).RVSP were significantly negative correlated with the protein levels of apoE and PPARγ in lung (<0.01).② In apoE-KO mice, RVSP and the weight ratio of RV to LV+S of hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normoxia group by 96% and 86% (<0.05), respectively.RVSP and RV to (LV+S) of hypoxia group in apoE-KO mice were significantly higher than those of hypoxia group in WT mice by 29% and 24% (<0.05), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Down-regulated expression of apoE in lung tissue participates in the pathological proceeding of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia.